VANADIUM TRICHLORIDE (VCl3)

Vanadium a soft, ductile, silver-grey metallic transition element in the member of group Vb of the periodic table; symbol V; Atomic number 23; atomic mass; 50.9415; melting point ca 1,890 C; boiling point ca 3,380 C; specific gravity about 6 at 20 C; valence +2, +3, +4, and maximum +5; electronic config [Ar]3d34s2; resembles chromium in properties; found in several minerals such as carnotite, patronite, roscoelite, and vanadinite with good structural strength. Vanadium has two natural isotopes, 50_v and 51_v, and several radioactive isotopes (^46-49V, ^52-54V) have been obtained artificially. It dissolves in water to form acidic solutions and dissolves in acids. It reacts with bases to form vanadates. Vanadium trioxide (V₂O₃) is basic in solution and dissolves in acids to give the green hexa-aquo ion (V(H₂O)₆)³⁺. In solution, V³⁺ is a strong reducing agent and slowly attacks water with the production of hydrogen. Vanadium is usually found bound to oxygen as a negatively charged polymeric oxyanion that tends to complex to polarizable ligands, such as phosphorus and sulfur. Vanadium can be obtained by the extraction from ores, extraction from fossil fuels and extraction from slag . It has good resistance to corrosion by hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, saltwater, or alkalies at room temperature but oxidizes readily above 660 C. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having either an electronegative or an electropositive metal results in numerous chemical compounds including vanadates and complex organic compounds. The principal use of vanadium is in alloys, where almost three quarters of all vanadium produced is used as additive in making special steels. It is a powerful alloying agent; a small amount adds strength, toughness and heat resistance. It is added to steel in the form of either ferrovanadium (vanadium-iron alloy) or vanadium carbide. Vanadium is also a major alloying element in titanium alloys for high-strength. Non-ferrous metals alloys are used in the atomic energy industry, aircraft and space technology due to its low fission neutron cross section. Vanadium disilicide is used in the production of high-temperature refractory products. Vanadium-aluminum-titanium alloys are used in high-speed airframes and jet engines. Vanadium chemical compounds such as vanadium oxides and various vanadates are used as catalysts for the synthesis of sulfuric acid (the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃) and maleic and phthalic anhydride, the oxidation reaction of organic compounds including ethanol to acetaldehyde and petroleum cracking. They are used in the manufacture of polyamides (nylon), sugar to oxalic acid and anthracene to anthraquinone. They are used as catalytic converters for the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. They also have applications in producing glass and enamels, organic ion exchangers, luminescent compounds, synthetic rubbers, thermistors and switching elements as well as in producing paints, as developers, sdepolarizers, and colouring agents in photography and cinematography. They are used in inhibiting UV light transmission in glass. Vanadium compounds are used as mordants in the dyeing and printing of fabrics, particularly for fixing aniline black on silk (in form of ammonium vanadate) and cathode-ray tubes. Europium-activated yttrium vanadate is used in colour television tubes. Vanadium hydride can be used as a neutron moderator in atomic reactors. Soluble salts of arsenous-vanadous acid have been used as fungicides and insecticides. Vanadium slags are used in casting shops as a moulding material to improve the quality of the casting surface and to facilitate cleaning.

VANADIUM TRICHLORIDE
PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION
CAS NO.	7718-98-1
EINECS NO.	231-744-6
FORMULA	VCl₃
MOL WT.	157.30
H.S. CODE
TOXICITY	Oral rat LD50: 260 mg/kg
SYNONYMS	Vanadium (III) Chloride; Tricloruro de vanadio;
Trichlorure de vanadium;
CLASSIFICATION
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE	pink to violet powder
MELTING POINT	250 C
BOILING POINT	Decomposes
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SOLUBILITY IN WATER	Decomposes (Soluble in THF, alcohol, ether, hydrocarbons)
pH
VAPOR DENSITY
REFRACTIVE INDEX
NFPA RATINGS	Health: 3 Flammability: 1 Reactivity: 3 Other: W
AUTOIGNITION
FLASH POINT
STABILITY	Stable under ordinary conditions. Moisture sensitive.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION & APPLICATIONS
Vanadium a soft, ductile, silver-grey metallic transition element in the member of group Vb of the periodic table; symbol V; Atomic number 23; atomic mass; 50.9415; melting point ca 1,890 C; boiling point ca 3,380 C; specific gravity about 6 at 20 C; valence +2, +3, +4, and maximum +5; electronic config [Ar]3d34s2; resembles chromium in properties; found in several minerals such as carnotite, patronite, roscoelite, and vanadinite with good structural strength. Vanadium has two natural isotopes, 50_v and 51_v, and several radioactive isotopes (^46-49V, ^52-54V) have been obtained artificially. It dissolves in water to form acidic solutions and dissolves in acids. It reacts with bases to form vanadates. Vanadium trioxide (V₂O₃) is basic in solution and dissolves in acids to give the green hexa-aquo ion (V(H₂O)₆)³⁺. In solution, V³⁺ is a strong reducing agent and slowly attacks water with the production of hydrogen. Vanadium is usually found bound to oxygen as a negatively charged polymeric oxyanion that tends to complex to polarizable ligands, such as phosphorus and sulfur. Vanadium can be obtained by the extraction from ores, extraction from fossil fuels and extraction from slag . It has good resistance to corrosion by hydrochloric and sulfuric acids, saltwater, or alkalies at room temperature but oxidizes readily above 660 C. Vanadium has good structural strength and a low fission neutron cross section, making it useful in nuclear applications. It is intermediate between the metals and the non-metals, having either an electronegative or an electropositive metal results in numerous chemical compounds including vanadates and complex organic compounds. The principal use of vanadium is in alloys, where almost three quarters of all vanadium produced is used as additive in making special steels. It is a powerful alloying agent; a small amount adds strength, toughness and heat resistance. It is added to steel in the form of either ferrovanadium (vanadium-iron alloy) or vanadium carbide. Vanadium is also a major alloying element in titanium alloys for high-strength. Non-ferrous metals alloys are used in the atomic energy industry, aircraft and space technology due to its low fission neutron cross section. Vanadium disilicide is used in the production of high-temperature refractory products. Vanadium-aluminum-titanium alloys are used in high-speed airframes and jet engines. Vanadium chemical compounds such as vanadium oxides and various vanadates are used as catalysts for the synthesis of sulfuric acid (the oxidation of SO₂ to SO₃) and maleic and phthalic anhydride, the oxidation reaction of organic compounds including ethanol to acetaldehyde and petroleum cracking. They are used in the manufacture of polyamides (nylon), sugar to oxalic acid and anthracene to anthraquinone. They are used as catalytic converters for the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. They also have applications in producing glass and enamels, organic ion exchangers, luminescent compounds, synthetic rubbers, thermistors and switching elements as well as in producing paints, as developers, sdepolarizers, and colouring agents in photography and cinematography. They are used in inhibiting UV light transmission in glass. Vanadium compounds are used as mordants in the dyeing and printing of fabrics, particularly for fixing aniline black on silk (in form of ammonium vanadate) and cathode-ray tubes. Europium-activated yttrium vanadate is used in colour television tubes. Vanadium hydride can be used as a neutron moderator in atomic reactors. Soluble salts of arsenous-vanadous acid have been used as fungicides and insecticides. Vanadium slags are used in casting shops as a moulding material to improve the quality of the casting surface and to facilitate cleaning. Ammonium Metavanadate [H₄NO₃V, CAS RN: 7803-55-6] white or slightly yellow crystals; hygroscopic. Ammonium Sodium Vanadium Oxide [CAS RN: 39455-80-6] Ammonium Vanadate [(NH₄)₃VO₄, CAS RN: 11115-67-6] Ammonium Vanadium Oxide Bis(benzene)vanadium [C₁₂H₁₂V, CAS RN: 12129-72-5] Bis(cyclopentadienyl)vanadium dichloride [VC₁₀H₁₀Cl₂, CAS RN: 12083-48-6] Pale green crystals Bismuth vanadium oxide [CAS RN: 53801-77-7] Ferrovanadium [CAS RN: 12604-58-9] Manganese Vanadium Oxide [CAS RN: 56729-39-6] Potassium Metavanadate [KO₃V, CAS RN: 13769-43-2] Sodium Ammonium Vanadate [CAS RN: 39455-80-6] Thulium Vanadium Oxide [CAS RN: 93585-68-3] Sodium Metavanadate [NaVO₃, CAS RN: 13718-26-8] Tetracarbonylcyclopentadienylvanadium [C₉H₅O₄V, CAS RN: 12108-04-2] Tetravanadium Decaoxide [O₁₀V₄, CAS RN: 12503-98-9] Tetravanadium Octaoxide [O₈V₄, CAS RN: 12503-87-6] Vanadium Carbide [VC, CAS RN: 12070-10-9] Hard, black crystals, melting at 2800 C, boiling at 3900 C; insoluble in acids, except nitric acid; used in cutting-tool alloys and as a steel alloying agent. Vanadium Diboride [VB₂, CAS RN: 12007-37-3] Vanadium Dicarbide [VC₂, CAS RN: 12542-39-1] Vanadyl Dichloride [VOCl₂, CAS RN: 10213-09-9] Toxic, green crystals, soluble in alcohol and ether; decomposes in hot water; used as a reducing agent. Also known as vanadous chloride. Vanadium Dimer [V₂, CAS RN: 12597-60-3] Vanadium Dioxide [VO₂, CAS RN: 12036-21-4] Vanadium Disilicide [VSi₂, CAS RN: 12039-87-1] Vanadium Fluoride [VF₄, CAS RN: 10049-16-8] Vanadium Hexacarbonyl [V(CO)₆, CAS RN: 14024-00-1] Vanadium Isooctanoate Vanadium Monosulfide [VS, CAS RN: 12166-27-7] Vanadium Monoxide [VO, CAS RN: 12035-98-2] Vanadium Nitride [VN, CAS RN: 24646-85-3] Vanadium Octanoate [CAS RN: 74630-99-2] Vanadium Oxalate [CAS RN: 14974-48-2] Vanadium Oxide: A compound of vanadium with oxygen, for example, vanadium tetroxide (V₂O₄), vanadium trioxide or sesquioxide (V₂O₃), vanadium oxide (VO), and vanadium pentoxide (V₂O₅). Vanadium Sulfide [V₂S₅] A toxic, black-green powder; insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies and acids; decomposes when heated; used to make vanadium compounds. Also known as vanadic sulfide; vanadium pentasulfide. Vanadium Oxide Tributoxide Vanadium Oxychloride [VCl₃O, CAS RN: 7727-18-6] Vanadium Oxytrichloride [CAS RN: VOCl₃] A toxic, yellow liquid that dissolves or reacts with many organic substances; hydrolyzes in moisture; boils at 126 C; used as an olefin-polymerization catalyst and in organovanadium synthesis. Vanadium Pentoxide [CAS RN: 1314-62-1] Vanadium Pentoxide [V₂O₅, CAS RN: 1314-62-1] A toxic, yellow to red powder, soluble in alkalies and acids, slightly soluble in water; melts at 690°C; used in medicine, as a catalyst, as a ceramics coloring, for ultraviolet-resistant glass, photographic developers, textiles dyeing, and nuclear reactors. Also known as vanadic acid anhydride. Vanadium Silicate [CAS RN: 12653-89-3] Vanadium Silicide [SiV₃, CAS RN: 12039-76-8] Vanadium Sulfide; [V₂S₅] Toxic, black-green powder; insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies and acids; used to make vanadium compounds. Vanadium Tetrabutoxide [CAS RN: 6167-45-9] Vanadium Tetrachloride [VCl₄, CAS RN: 7632-51-1] A toxic, red liquid; soluble in ether and absolute alcohol; boils at 154°C; used in medicine and to manufacture other vanadium comounds; used as a catalyst to produce rubbers and polyolefins and as a fixative in dying. Vanadium Tetrafluoride [VF₄, CAS RN: 10049-16-8] Vanadium Tetraisopropoxide Vanadium Tetraoxide [V₂O₄, CAS RN: 12036-73-6] A toxic blue-black powder; insoluble in water, soluble in alkalies and acids; melts at 1967°C; used as a catalyst. Vanadium Trichloride [VCl₃, CAS RN: 7718-98-1] Toxic pink crystals; soluble in ether and absolute alcohol; decomposes in water and when heated; used to prepare vanadium and organovanadium compounds (esterfication and transesterfication catalyst); used as a catalyst in the polymerization of olefins, epoxy, phenolic and silicone resins. Vanadium Trichlorooxo Vanadium Trifluoride [CAS RN: 10049-12-4] Vanadium Trioxide [V₂O₃, CAS RN: 1314-36-7] Toxic, black crystals; soluble in alkalies and hydrofluoric acid, slightly soluble in water; melts at 1970 C; used as a catalyst. Vanadium Trichloride [VCl₃] Toxic, deliquescent, pink crystals; soluble in ether and absolute alcohol; decomposes in water and when heated; used to prepare vanadium and organovanadium compounds. Vanadocene [VC₁₀H₁₀, CAS RN: 1277-47-0] Vanadyl Acetylacetonate [VC₁₀H₁₄O₅, CAS RN: 3153-26-2] Vanadyl Chloride [V₂O₂Cl₄] Toxic, deliquescent, water- and alcohol-soluble green crystals; used to mordant textiles. Vanadyl Dichloride [VOCl₂, CAS RN: 10213-09-9] Vanadyl Naphthenate [CAS RN: 68553-60-6] Vanadyl Octaethylporphine [VC₃₆H₄₄N₄, CAS RN: 27860-55-5] Vanadyl Oxalate [CAS RN: 15500-04-6] Used as a catalyst to remove sulfur and nitrogen in oil refinery and other chemical production processes. Vanadyl Etioporphyrin III [VC₃₂H₃₆N₄O, CAS RN: 25878-85-7] Vanadyl Mesotetraphenylporphine [VC₄₄H₂₈N₄, CAS RN: 14705-63-6] Vanadium Oxytrichloride [VOCl₃ , CAS RN: 7727-18-6] Toxic, corrosive yellow liquid; emits red fumes on exposure to air; used as a catalyst to produce rubbers and polyolefins and as a mordant in dying. Vanadyl Phthalocyanine [VC₃₂H₁₆N₈O, CAS RN: 13930-88-6] Vanadyl Sulfate [ VOSO₄, CAS RN: 27774-13-6, 123334-20-3] Blue crystals, toxic, very soluble in water; used as a reducing agent, catalyst, glass and ceramics colorant, mordant and pharmaceuticals.
SALES SPECIFICATION
APPEARANCE	pink to violet powder
V CONTENT	30.8% min
CHLORIDE	64.2% min
Fe	0.1% max
TRANSPORTATION
PACKING
HAZARD CLASS	8 (Packing Group: III)
UN NO.	2475
OTHER INFORMATION
`Hazard Symbols: C, Risk Phrases:`22-34, `Safety Phrases:` 26-27-28-36/39-45
PRICE INFORMATION